One of the ongoing debates in the academic literature has been whether retiring early has a positive or negative impact on retirees’ health. Some studies have found early retirement to be associated with longer life-spans. Others have reached the opposite conclusion.
The focus of many studies has been retirement decisions and their effect on retirement health. What hasn’t been analyzed as much are how variables like age, retirement type and social class influence post-retirement health. Previous results have been inconsistent, and the relationship of various factors has been found to be unclear.
To resolve these issues, researchers looked at a group of 742 Scottish individuals who had participated in the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 at age 11. This survey included a test of intelligence. These individuals were followed up with later in life, including surveys conducted between 2011 and 2016. This static population with a history of data enabled the analysis of how retirement age and retirement type (voluntary or involuntary) influences post-retirement health. It also made it possible to measure what impact earlier life-course factors—social class, cognitive ability (intelligence) and education—had on retirement.

The researchers found that the timing of retirement did not influence post-retirement health. Rather, retirement type and childhood intelligence were both found to independently contribute to post-retirement health.
Those retiring because of poor health experienced comparatively worse physical and mental health later in life relative to the full sample of retirees studied. The authors acknowledged that this may be due to selection effects and the impact of health conditions existing near retirement.
Higher childhood cognitive ability was shown to have a stronger correlation to better physical—but not mental—health in retirement. While childhood intelligence does not predict retirement age, it does influence the ability to determine when someone will retire. The authors explained the link by writing, “The contribution of early-life cognitive ability may reflect its role in helping to build an individual’s human capital—the ability and skills necessary to continue working—thus supporting the ability to choose when to retire (rather than involuntary retirement due to ill-health or redundancy) … Alternatively, an advantage in childhood cognitive ability may help individuals to access occupations in which voluntary and statutory retirement is more likely.”
Source: “Early-Life Predictors of Retirement Decisions and Post-Retirement Health,” by Ian Deary and Matthew Iveson; SSM - Population Health, Vol. 8; August 2019.
Walt from IN posted over 6 years ago:
Walt from IN posted over 6 years ago:
Jorge from FL posted over 6 years ago:
BARRY J from TX posted over 2 years ago:
You need to log in as a registered AAII user before commenting.
Log InCreate an account