Letters

A taxing issue and a question on the best time period for predicting future returns. Plus, a few updates and clarifications to past articles.
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Predicting Future Returns

Comment on “No Long-Term Link Between Past and Future Fund Performance,” in the Briefly Noted column in the February 2016 AAII Journal.

This article says to use one-year returns to predict future returns, but Mark Hulbert said to use 10-year returns to find overperformance. Has anyone resolved the contradiction? By the way, what happened to cause the abrupt discontinuance of the Hulbert Financial Digest? Does anything replace it?
—R. Thornley from Alaska

Editor Charles Rotblut, CFA, responds:

There is research showing a momentum effect regarding stocks: Stocks whose annual and 26-week relative price returns rank within the top 60% of all stocks tend to continue outperforming over the next 12 months. To the extent that a fund stays allocated to those stocks, its performance should benefit.

Mark Hulbert ended his newsletter on MarketWatch in February. In his final issue, he wrote, “The world today is a lot different than it was in 1980, when my goal of independently tracking investment advisers’ performances was downright revolutionary. In today’s world, in contrast, awash as it is in Big Data, it seems to be less needed. That, at least, is the judgment of the market.” Mark will continue writing commentary for the MarketWatch website.

Dividends Versus Earned Income

Post on the AAII Discussion Boards on January 15, 2016.

I am wondering if there is anyone with tax knowledge who can answer a question. Let’s say I am single and have $64,000 in earned income, right in the middle of the 25% bracket. I also have $400,000 in qualified dividends (15% tax rate). Is my adjusted gross income (AGI) considered $464,000, putting me in the 39.6% bracket and therefore paying 39.6% on my $64,000 income and 20% on my dividends? Or are they handled separately: $64,000 at 25% and $400,000 at 15%?
— User “PEGRATIO”

Barbara Weltman at J.K. Lasser responds:

Even though capital gains and qualified dividends are taxed at lower rates as compared with rates on ordinary income, capital gains and qualified dividends are taken into account in determining taxable income. It is the amount of taxable income that determines whether the rate on this investment income is taxed at zero, 15% or 20%. Such income is considered investment income that may be subject to the net investment income (NII) tax for those with modified adjusted gross income over a threshold amount ($250,000 for joint filers, $200,000 for singles, $125,000 for married persons filing separate returns).

For addtional guidance, go to www.irs.gov.

Updates and Corrections

The Changes to Social Security Claiming Strategies,” January 2016 AAII Journal

On February 18, 2016, the Social Security Administration (SSA) issued an “Emergency Message” regarding the changes to claiming strategies. This notice officially set the deadline for file and suspend as April 29, 2016. Our article, which was published before the SSA officially stated what the deadline would be, advised treating April 29 as the deadline.

The SSA notice also clarified the treatment of divorced spouses. Benefits can continue to be claimed on an ex-spouse’s earnings record after April 29 even if the ex-spouse voluntarily suspends benefits. This rule only applies to ex-spouses meeting certain conditions, such as previously being married for at least 10 years.

In the box on page 28 of our article, we incorrectly said that married individuals born on January 2, 1954, or later can file restricted applications until they turn 70. This should have said “born prior to January 2, 1954.”

Why Aren’t There More Active ETFs?,” October 2015 AAII Journal.

The article described a new type of managed exchange-traded fund in development by Eaton Vance subsidiary NextShares. As of press time, Eaton Vance Stock NextShares EVSTC fund, the first exchange-traded managed fund, was scheduled to begin trading on February 29, 2016. The fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in stocks, primarily domestic, under normal market conditions. Shares will be listed on Nasdaq and can be traded through Folio Investing and what Eaton Vance described as “leading online” brokers.

Given that NextShares are a new hybrid of exchange-traded funds and actively managed mutual funds, it would be prudent to monitor how these funds trade in terms of both dollar volume and how closely intraday prices track the end-of-day net asset value.

Discussion

Claude Y. Paquin from GA posted over 10 years ago:

Re: Dividends versus Earned Income Question and Answer Bad question. Bad answer. The question is bad because it is incomplete, states erroneous information as facts, and presents a false choice of answers. The answer is bad because even though what it states is correct enough, it does not properly answer the question, and the invitation to go to the IRS website is dismissive (as the question won’t be answered there, although hours and hours of digging and analysis may eventually lead one to the answer). The answer also provides gratuitous unrequested information about the Net Investment Income tax. The question should not merely have said the taxpayer is single, because there are two categories of single, namely unmarried and head of household. It should not have assumed that the tax is imposed on adjusted gross income, because it is imposed on taxable income (which reflects deductions and personal exemption). It should not have assumed that earned income [which should have been called ordinary income] would be taxed at 25%, because there’s a scale of increasing tax rates and that’s just the marginal rate (for unmarried taxpayers and in 2015) for the taxable income between $37,450 and $90,750. Here’s the way the system works, and it is pretty simple. You compute the tax on the ordinary income first. That would indeed take you into the 25% bracket. Then you compute the tax on the qualified dividends at 15%, except that when you reach $413,200 (for the 2015 income of an unmarried taxpayer) you increase the rate to 20%. The IRS provides a form that does that. It’s called Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet. It is not filed with the IRS. When you reverse-engineer the form’s formulas you find what I described.


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