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ESG stands for environmental, social and governance. Investors are increasingly applying these nonfinancial factors to their investment analysis to identify material risks and growth opportunities. However, ESG metrics are not commonly part of mandatory financial reporting, though companies increasingly make annual or stand-alone sustainability disclosures. Additionally, finding the right ESG mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that fit your portfolio can be overwhelming if you don’t know where to start.
Growth in ESG Investing
ESG investing is growing exponentially as more investors and issuers utilize ESG and climate data and tools to support their investment decision-making. For investors who don’t want to be left out of the growth in ESG investing, recognizing compliant companies with ESG ratings and certifications may be on the top of their lists.
The practice of ESG investing began in the 1960s as socially responsible investing, with investors excluding stocks or entire industries from their portfolios based on business activities such as tobacco production or involvement in the South African apartheid regime.
Today, ethical considerations and alignment with values remain common motivations of many ESG investors, but the field has expanded to consider financial materiality. Many investors now look to incorporate ESG factors into the investment process alongside traditional financial analysis. ESG investments can now commonly be identified through “positive” screening filters—in other words, by actively seeking companies or sectors considered to have “best-in-class” ESG growth performance metrics relative to their industry peers.
There’s been a longstanding perception that screening one’s portfolio can hurt investment performance, as it may result in less diversification. However, an increasing amount of research has countered this notion—particularly for funds that use “positive” and “negative” screens instead of negative screens alone. Jon Hale of Morningstar reviewed the findings of numerous academic studies and concluded that ESG investors “can receive competitive performance while also addressing their sustainability concerns.”
Undoubtedly, the growth in ESG investing means that it is rapidly evolving from a niche corner of the investment landscape into the mainstream. However, much of the growth in ESG investing has been concentrated among large institutional investors until recently. But now, interest has been growing among individual investors—particularly women and millennials. Moreover, the increased interest in ESG investments has dovetailed with another industry growth trend: index investing. Fortunately for ESG investors with a bias toward passive investment approaches, a growing number of options—particularly ESG-oriented ETFs—are becoming available. As a result, according to Morningstar, ESG funds captured $71 billion of net new money from investors in 2021, far surpassing the $51 billion of inflows realized in 2020.
ESG fund screens often rely on an added layer of internal or third-party research services, which can result in higher embedded fund expenses than their non-screened alternatives. But it is getting easier for index-oriented investors to build well-diversified ESG portfolios at a reasonable cost. Portfolio managers following such strategies seek out securities with both favorable ESG ratings and other attractive investment characteristics.
Identifying ESG Mutual Funds and ETFs
AAII members can check whether a fund or ETF has an ESG focus in the Evaluator by typing a name or ticker in the Search box at the top left of AAII.com. Also, both the Fund and ETF Guides include a Socially Responsible column that you can sort on, with the Index Fund column conveniently located next to it.
A+ Investor subscribers have access to predefined ETF (Socially Responsible Stock ETFs) and mutual fund (Socially Responsible Equity Stock Funds) screens that seek out ESG funds classified as following a socially responsible approach to investing by Morningstar. A+ Investor subscribers can also create customized screens to seek out socially responsible funds with our mutual fund and ETF screeners. Morningstar defines “socially responsible funds” as any fund that invests according to noneconomic guidelines. These ESG mutual funds and ETFs may make investments based on such issues as environmental responsibility, human rights or religious views. For example, socially responsible ESG funds may take a proactive stance by selectively investing in environmentally friendly companies or firms with good employee relations. This group also includes funds that avoid investing in companies involved in the defense industry or promoting alcohol, tobacco or gambling.
The A+ Investor socially responsible fund and ETF screens seek socially responsible stock funds with below-average expense ratios and no loads. Passing ESG mutual funds are also both open and available to individual investors.

A total of 35 ETFs and 27 mutual funds passed the respective socially responsible screens as of March 31, 2022. Thirty-seven of these 62 socially responsible ESG funds are termed index funds by Morningstar.
As a whole, ESG mutual funds have longer return histories than their ETF counterparts. The majority of ESG ETFs have been in existence for less than five years, making long-term judgments difficult. Careful selection is required, by checking returns over various periods and comparing expense ratios to category averages.
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