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Online Exclusive: What Is the Yield Curve?
Stock Strategies
The yield curve is a closely watched harbinger of recessions. Inverted yield curves have previously preceded most recessions over the past 50 years.
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The yield curve is a closely watched harbinger of recessions. Inverted yield curves have previously preceded most recessions over the past 50 years. As we sent this issue to the printer, the yield curve was exhibiting some signs of inversion.
Inversion occurs when short-term interest rates are higher than long-term interest rates.
Normally, yields on longer-dated bonds are higher than those on shorter-dated bonds. Investors demand higher yields as compensation for locking their money up for longer periods of time. This results in an upward sloping yield curve, which is what we saw during the first quarter of 2022.
When a recession is anticipated, yields on long-term bonds can fall below those of short-term yields. This leads to the yield curve becoming inverted. As of mid-June, the yield curve was inverting, with yields on the two-year note (3.13%) higher than yields on the five-year note (3.05%) and the 10-year note (2.93%).
Duke University professor Campbell Harvey, who first identified inverted yield curves as preceding recessions, suggests comparing the three-month Treasury bill yield with the five- or 10-year Treasury note yield. (Harvey looks at the average yield over an entire quarter, not just a day.) On this basis, the yield curve has yet to signal a recession (2.37% versus 3.05% and 2.93%, respectively).
Even if the current yield curve has yet to meet Harvey’s definition for signaling a forthcoming recession, flat yield curves do suggest a forthcoming period of slower economic growth. A flat curve occurs when short-term rates are close to, but not below, long-term interest rates. For more on the yield curve, see this month’s online exclusive Investor Professor column, “What Is the Yield Curve?”
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