September Charts of Interest: It's Getting More Expensive

by Charles Rotblut | September 24, 2026

The Federal Reserve’s current challenge is bringing down inflation without raising interest rates too much. It’s not an easy thing to do. This month’s charts of interest looks at the current expectations for Fed policy, mortgage rates, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on borrowing, diesel prices and more.

As a reminder, the charts of interest highlight charts and tables I’ve come across that haven’t made their way into other AAII commentaries.

Two More Rate Hikes This Year?

Federal Reserve chairman Kevin Warsh likes to keep his cards close to his vest, but federal funds rate traders are studying Fed officials for possible tells. As of this morning, the CME FedWatch Tool shows traders pricing in a nearly 50% chance of two more interest rate hikes by year-end.

Source: CME Group.

Mortgage Rates Rise to 7.03%

Rates on 30-year mortgages rose above 7% for the first time in 20 months, according to Freddie Mac. Rising yields on the 10-year Treasury are to blame. The higher mortgage rates make buying a house even less affordable for many people.

AI Remains Hungry for Capital

BlackRock continues to talk about the impact of AI spending in its weekly research notes. AI and data center expansion have accounted for about 14% of U.S. investment-grade bond issuance this year, up from 5% in 2025. In the chart below, AI spending is included in nonfinancial corporate debt (the pinkish bar directly above the green bar) and net corporate equity (the dark red bar at the bottom of each column).

Beyond the potential for fallout if defaults on this debt rise significantly, there is the ongoing crowding-out effect. Demand for debt is only so big. When enough capital flows into one part of the debt market, yields on other bonds will have to rise to attract investors.

Fund Managers Fret About Disorder in the Bond Market

Bank of America’s recent survey of global fund managers found that they are fearful of a disorderly rise in bond yields upending the financial markets. The percentage of managers worried about the potential for the bond markets to create havoc has doubled since July to 33%. (In investing, a tail risk is a low-probability or atypical event that causes a severe downturn in the financial markets.)

Recency bias—the human mind’s tendency to put greater weight on recent events and information—does appear to be at play here. Even the so-called smart money is not immune from such behavioral patterns.

Source: Bank of America Global Fund Manager Survey and Sam Ro.

Diesel Is in the Headlines for All the Wrong Reasons

Diesel fuel prices do not typically get much attention, except among those who produce or buy it. But lately, it is constantly being mentioned by financial news outlets. Diesel fuel powers trucks, rail freight and marine shipping, and it’s used heavily in agriculture and construction. Higher diesel prices push through to nearly every category of consumer spending.

Diesel fuel set a new record high of $6.5276 per gallon on Tuesday, according to AAA. To put that number into perspective, here is the five-year trend from the St. Louis Federal Reserve’s FRED database.

While I was out running this morning, I noticed that the local Casey’s was charging $6.99 per gallon for diesel. The Marketplace radio program recently reported that diesel was over $8.00 per gallon in parts of California.

More Empty Seats at the Movies

Box office receipts totaled an estimated $4.76 billion between May 1 and Labor Day. The big haul made this year’s summer movie season the second-best ever recorded. This isn’t surprising given how expensive movie tickets have become. An adult ticket to see the new Resident Evil movie is $16.49 at my local AMC theater. It’s $23.49 to see it in IMAX.

Overshadowed by box office receipts is the declining number of butts in seats. Domestic theaters sold 30% fewer tickets between January 1 and August 16 this year relative to 2019, reported The New York Times. “That amounts to roughly 248 million missing admissions.”

More on AAII.com
AAII Sentiment Survey

Pessimism among individual investors about the short-term outlook for stocks decreased in the latest AAII Sentiment Survey. Meanwhile, optimism and neutral sentiment increased.

Bullish sentiment, expectations that stock prices will rise over the next six months, increased 3.9 percentage points to 32.7%. Bullish sentiment is below its historical average of 37.5% for the eighth time in 10 weeks.

Neutral sentiment, expectations that stock prices will stay essentially unchanged over the next six months, increased 1.3 percentage points to 19.2%. Neutral sentiment is unusually low and is below its historical average of 31.0% for the 29th consecutive week.

Bearish sentiment, expectations that stock prices will fall over the next six months, decreased 5.2 percentage points to 48.1%. Bearish sentiment is unusually high and is above its historical average of 31.5% for the 33rd consecutive week.

The bull-bear spread (bullish minus bearish sentiment) increased 9.1 percentage points to –15.4%. The bull-bear spread is unusually low and is below its historical average of 6.5% for the 10th consecutive week.

This week’s special question asked AAII members what they thought about the Federal Reserve’s decision to increase interest rates by 0.25 percentage points.

Here is how they responded:

  • It was the right move: 79.8%
  • They should have left rates unchanged 12.4%
  • They should have cut rates: 1.6%
  • Not sure/no opinion: 6.2%

This week’s Sentiment Survey results:

Bullish: 32.7%, up 3.9 points
Neutral: 19.2%, up 1.3 points
Bearish: 48.1%, down 5.2 points

Historical averages:

Bullish: 37.5%
Neutral: 31.0%
Bearish: 31.5%
See more Sentiment Survey results.



Discussion

Barry from TX posted 6 days ago:

Charles, #1 several AAII members recently advised members to ignore Fed FOMC FFR decisions and key inflation measures (the producer PPI prices, consumer CPI prices, and final consumption PCE prices) that all of my brokers report on weekly, and yet you have time to notice and gather data on price increases in mortgage rates (up @7%), AI capex financing (up @14% YOY), diesel fuel (up @ $8.00 in CA), and movie tickets (up @$16-$23). #2 Paying attention to what’s going on around you that matters to your survival. You cannot turn off your brain. Our five senses are hard-wired to involuntarily transmit billions of neuro-sensors to appropriate brain areas every microsecond. #3 Proprioception (knowing where you are in the world) is called the "6th sense.” #4 Note: It is the basis for most sports, especially golf. #5 Humans who choose/no not to pay attention to what these proprioceptors sense about their own position, movement, and awareness of the world around us have mattered ever since the first dinosaur invented the original version of DoorDash home delivery, using inattentive humans as delivery boys for a meal. #6 Finally, you earn yet another Attaboy for noticing the parallelisms of the number of “butts in seats” and the “tail risk” of a severe downturn in financial markets as an example of recency bias. Kudos.


Rob from NC posted 5 days ago:

Barry, the biggest issue is what you're going to DO with all this "essential" information. I don't completely ignore this stuff (I review it in passing, like all the other "news"), but it all has to be taken in context, and it CERTAINLY is not going to dictate my investment decisions. What are YOU going to do, now that you have all these important figures in front of you? I'm going to stay the course, just as I always have. Next month's figures might turn around, and those who reacted to the "uncertainty" or economic "distress" will be sitting on the sidelines while my stocks are popping. All these figures you mentioned are historical. They tell us nothing about what will happen next week, next month, or next year--and THAT is what will move the market. Will it go up or down next week, next month, or next year? NOBODY knows! But I am counting on my equities continuing to increase in value over the LONG HAUL, just as they have over the past 45 years (unless the crazy socialists truly take over).


Barry from TX posted 3 days ago:

Dr. Bob, #1 I think the ONE most "essential" piece of information influencing future market returns will be federal monetary policy under Chairman Warsh. He is a monetarist. #2 The most famous monetarist, Nobel laureate Milton Friedman, argued that the Fed should follow a steady, predictable rule for growing the money supply rather than trying to micromanage the business cycle. A monetarist is an economist who believes the money supply is the most important driver of economic growth and inflation. #3 Friedman was the guru that rescued Ron Reagan from the late 1970-early OPEC oil crisis that caused the 1980s inflation up to 18%. Does this all sound familiar? This is our main problem we face today and is exactly what Warsh intends to do. So pay attention to what Warsh does, not what he says. #4 The money supply (aka "M2) = the AMOUNT of money in circulation x the SPEED it circulates (changes hands). This number = total spending. #5 Monetarists argue that printing too much money causes INFLATION. This is THE problem today. Monetarists, like Warsh, focus on regulating the money supply and letting the market fix itself. [That's why QT monetary policy is the one "essential data."] #6 The US has printed too much money since the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic (Biden 2021-2023) and the Iran war oil price INFLATION (DT2 2025-2026). #7 Some DATA supporting the need to reduce INFLATION are: (1) fed Quantitative Tightening (“QT”) --> (2) raises nominal interest rates and --> (3) drives up the cost of money --> (4) increasing personal credit/loans/mortgages and business borrowing AND --> (5) business investments and capex AND --> (6) economic goods and services in general (which is “compatible” with the current bull market expansion cycle) --> (7) where earnings growth increases price momentum --> (8) a rising tide that raises all equity boats. #8 Some DATA supporting the need to control/reduce fiscal policy (government spending) --> (1) an existing high federal debt is 230% of GDP --> (2) signaling that the market is significantly overvalued by historical standards (apologies to CAPE data) AND --> (3) total US national debt is $40T (4) = $119,581 for every citizen, and (5) the FY26 Budget Request was $1.6T AND (6) the FY27 Budget Request is $2.2T (up 37.5% YOY), AND (7) US federal debt service costs are $1.4T --> (8) CPI (consumer inflation), the Fed’s favorite inflation measure @3.4%, and --> (9) PPI (producer inflation) @5.4% (the 2.0% difference is passed along to consumers). That's the fiscal and monetary mess we are in today. #9 To reduce prices from rising (to reduce INFLATION), the Fed must slow down the RATE OF GROWTH of the MONEY SUPPLY. #10 The Fed does this by (1) selling USTs across the yield curve (from VST 1 Mo USTs to VLT UST 30 Yr bonds --> (2) to take cash out of circulation --> (3) which makes cash more valuable and bids up the price of USTs --> (4) which increases the amount of interest we are paying all those UST holders (the bad news). #11 I hope this helps all AIIers understand why watching Fed FFR rate changes -- the one "essential" data point – are so important to understand how to anticipate and manage market returns. Comments?


Rob from NC posted 2 days ago:

Barry, my friend, you have presented a bunch of data and some wonderful theory, and I take no major issue with any of it. But my question remains: What are YOU going to DO with all that information and applied theory? You say watching the FFR changes are "important to understand how to anticipate and manage market returns." Okay, how are YOU now anticipating and managing market returns (whatever that means)? I lived and invested through pre-Greenspan years, through the '87 crash, through the fantastic 90s tech market, the dot-com bust, the stagnant early 2000s, the '07-'09 meltdown, and the mostly bull market ever since. And I've been successful by (almost) always doing the same thing, which is to buy good equities when I can get what I believe to be a good bargain, and then I hold onto them until I conclude either (1) I made a mistake in buying a particular security or (2) I could sell a particular security and buy one that is substantially better. (I confess that I also let short-term tax issues influence some of my selling activities.) As I wrote previously, I watch what is going on with mostly passing interest. I don't bury my head in the sand, but I can neither control the FFR data nor use that data (or any other data) to make any predictions about what will happen to the stock market next week, next month, or next year. TRYING to do either of those two things is, in my humble opinion, a fool's game. But if you can play that game and win, more power to you!


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